Clinical Significance:
As its name implies, FSH stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin – releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the hypothalamus. It is a glycoprotein hormone. In both males and females, FSH secretion is regulated by a balance of positive and negative feedback mechanisms involving the Hypothalamus-pituitary axis, the reproductive organs and the pituitary and sex steroid hormones.
In females, it stimulates follicle development and production of estradiol and other estrogens during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. It acts synergistically with LH to cause ovulation. Its measurement is usually used to determine the cause of infertility, gonadal failure and menstrual disturbances. In males, FSH is also critical for sperm production. It supports the function of Sertoli cells, which in turn support many aspects of sperm cell maturation.
